HIV Infection from Blood Transfusions

Why is HIV infection from blood transfusion a concern?

Millions of blood donations are made every year in the US. All donated blood is tested for several known viruses that can be transmitted in donated blood, including HIV. When tests find a virus in donated blood, the blood is discarded and the donor is notified. The donor is advised to see his or her healthcare provider and is asked not to donate blood.

Because blood donated in the US is tested before it is used for transfusions, it is very unlikely that you will receive infected blood. However, if a blood donor became infected with HIV within 2 weeks before he or she donated blood, tests may not detect the HIV virus in the blood. This means there is always the slight chance that a blood transfusion will accidentally infect someone receiving the blood.

What are the chances of being infected with HIV from a blood transfusion?

The chance of a blood donation having undetectable HIV is less than 1 in 1 million. The chance of getting HIV in donated blood is lower now than in past years because of improved lab tests. Potential donors are also screened more carefully.

How can I prevent infection from transfusion?

If you are planning to have an operation, you may be able to donate your own blood several weeks before your surgery. Your blood can then be used if you need blood during or after surgery. There is an added cost for this because of the extra processing and storage involved, but it is a sure way to avoid infection. Ask your healthcare provider about this possibility.